ქართულენოვანი ვერსია ხელმისაწვდომია აქ.
Author: Mariam Kukava
To help the EU reach its 2030 climate and energy targets, Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 of 11 December 2018 on the Governance of the Energy Union and Climate Action (Governance Regulation) sets common rules for planning, reporting and monitoring on energy and climate policies and targets. It aims to ensure coherent implementation and coordination of the Energy Union Strategy[1] on energy security, internal energy market, energy efficiency, decarbonisation and research, innovation and competitiveness. The Regulation also ensures that EU planning and reporting are synchronized with the ambition cycles under the Paris Agreement[2].
Having
regard to the Treaty establishing the Energy Community and the proposal from
the European Commission, the Ministerial Council of Energy Community has
adopted Decision D/2021/14/MC-EnC[3] amending Article 20 and Annex I to the
Treaty establishing the Energy Community and incorporating Directive (EU)
2018/2001, Directive (EU) 2018/2002, Regulation (EU) 2018/1999, Delegated
Regulation (EU) 2020/1044 and implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1208 in the
Energy Community acquis communautaire.
The adoption of Governance Regulation is a
significant new step towards the decarbonisation dimension within the EnC. It
was adopted as part of key legislative acts stemming from the EU’s Clean energy
for all Europeans package.
With the
Decision, Energy Community Contracting Parties, including Georgia, committed
themselves to transpose and implement the Governance Regulation by 31 December
2022.
Integrated national energy and climate plans[4]
Under the
Regulation, Energy Community Contracting Parties shall develop integrated national energy
and climate plans (NECP). In particular, by 30 June 2024, and subsequently by 1
January 2029 and every ten years thereafter, each Contracting Party shall
notify to the Energy Community Secretariat an integrated NECP. The mandatory
structure and the content of the NECPs includes the following:
• Overview and process for establishing
the Plan;
• National objectives and targets;
• Policies and measures;
• Current situation and projections
with existing policies and measures;
• Impact assessment of planned policies
and measures.[5]
The first
plan shall cover the period from 2025 to 2030. The subsequent plans shall cover
the ten-year period immediately following the end of the period covered by the
previous plan[6].
NECP shall set out national objectives for each of the five dimensions of the Energy Union[7]:
- energy security;
- internal energy market;
- energy efficiency;
- decarbonisation; and
- research, innovation and competitiveness.
National
long-term strategies
EnC Contracting Parties are required to develop and submit to the Secretariat their national long-term strategies by the time the Regulation comes into force, and subsequently by 1 January 2029 and every 10 years thereafter. The plan shall contain a 30 years perspective and shall be consistent with the Energy Community’s climate-neutrality objective.
Contracting Parties shall ensure consistency between these strategies and their NECPs and update them every five years.
Integrated national energy and climate progress reporting
The Regulation lays down reporting
obligation. Each Contracting Party shall report to the EnC Secretariat on the
status of implementation of its integrated national energy and climate plan by
means of an integrated national energy and climate progress report covering all
five dimensions of the Energy Union. The first report shall be submitted in
2025 and every two years thereafter.
The integrated
national energy and climate progress report shall cover the information on the
progress accomplished towards reaching the objectives, among others, the EnC’s
climate-neutrality objective, targets and contributions set out in the
integrated NECP, and towards implementing the policies and measures necessary
to meet them. The report shall also include integrated reporting on renewable
energy, energy efficiency, energy security, energy poverty and research,
innovation and competitiveness.
Georgia's path to climate change
Georgia
accessed the UNFCCC as a non-Annex I country, Kyoto Protocol (KP)[8],
and approved the Paris Agreement[9].
The reforms envisaged by the Association Agreement also imply harmonization of
Georgian legislation with EU legislation regarding the climate change
mitigation, energy efficiency, air pollution and renewable energy. As a
Contracting Party to the Energy Community Treaty since 2017, Georgia has the
obligation to implement the energy acquis
in force, including acquis on climate
change.
By the
Resolution of the Government of Georgia dated April 8, 2021 No.167 the
following documents were approved: Georgia’s Updated Nationally Determined
Contribution (NDC) provided by the Paris Agreement of the United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), Georgia’s 2030 Climate Change
Strategy and the 2021-2023 Action Plan of Georgia’s 2030 Climate Change
Strategy. The updated NDCs was submitted to the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) on 5 May 2022.[10]
In the updated NDC Georgia committed to reducing its GHG emissions to 35% below the emission levels in 1990, by 2030.
Georgia's 2030 Climate Change Strategy, to mitigate climate change in Georgia, sets out the ways to achieve the goals of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.
The Strategy document determines the state policy for climate change mitigation in the following sectors: Energy Generation and Transmission, Buildings, Transport, Forestry, Agriculture, Waste Management, Industry.
The Climate Strategy and Action Plan also
support the implementation of Georgia’s commitments under the Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs).
Goals of the Climate Strategy and Action Plan
To achieve the long-term vision declared for 2030[11],
the Climate Strategy and Action Plan set the following goals for each sector:
Goal 1:
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the energy
generation and transmission sector to 15% below the reference scenario
projections by 2030;
Goal 2: Reduce
greenhouse gas emissions in the transport sector to 15% below the reference
scenario projections by 2030;
Goal 3: Support
the
development of low-carbon approaches in the
buildings sector by promoting climate-smart and energy-efficient technologies
and services;
Goal 4: Support
development of the low-carbon approaches in the industry sector by promoting
climate-smart and energy-efficient technologies and services to reduce
greenhouse gas emissions to 5% below the reference scenario projections by
2030;
Goal 5: Support
the low-carbon development of the agriculture sector by
encouraging the climate-smart and energy-efficient technologies and services;
Goal 6: Support
the low-carbon development of the waste sector by promoting
climate-smart and energy-efficient technologies and services;
Goal 7: Increase
the carbon capturing capacity of the forestry sector by 10% for 2030 compared
to 2015[12].
By acceding to the Energy Community Treaty, Georgia has committed to shape its domestic legislation in line with the adapted EU climate rules.
To determine 2030 goals, Georgia as a
Contracting Party, is preparing an integrated NECP based on the recommendations provided by EnC
Secretariat. To reduce greenhouse gas emissions, this process requires the
development of consistent
policies and measures in all energy-related sectors.
In order to comply with the obligations
stemming from the Governance Regulation, Georgia shall enhance the
existing legal and
institutional framework. It will need to revise existing energy- and
climate-related legal acts on policies, strategies and planning documents and introduce
new legal rules defining the roles
and responsibilities of the designated authorities. This will require a
thorough analysis of the acts
in force and making the gap analysis to identify the areas to be completed.
Governance
Regulation imposes an explicit obligation on Georgia to draft and submit its
integrated NECP to EnC. Therefore, Georgia shall timely finalize the process of
preparation and submission of first draft NECP.
By the
entry into force of the Governance Regulation and subsequently, by 1 January 2029 and every ten years
thereafter, Georgia is obliged to prepare and submit to the EnC its long-term
strategy with a 30 years perspective. The Governance Regulation requires
long-term strategies to be developed in an open and transparent manner.
[2] The
Paris Agreement (PA) is a legally
binding international treaty on climate change. It was adopted on 12 December 2015
and entered into force on 4 November 2016. The PA sets an operational goal to
hold an average global temperature well below 2 degrees compared to the
pre-industrial level and “pursuing efforts” towards an aspirational goal of 1,5
degrees. Georgia is Party to PA since 2015;
[3] Decision D/2021/14/MC-EnC
available - https://www.energy-community.org/legal/decisions.html;
[4] Articles 3, and 14 of the Governance Regulation;
[6] Regulation (EU) 2018/1999
of 11 December 2018 on the Governance of the Energy Union and Climate Action
Incorporated
and adapted by the Ministerial Council Decision 2021/14/MC-EnC of 30 November
2021 on incorporating Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 in the Energy
Community acquis communautaire and
amending Annex I of the Treaty;
[7] Article 1.2 and point 2 of
section A of Annex I:
[8] Date of ratification 19
June 1999;
[9] Date of ratification 08
May 2017;
[10] https://www.undp.org/georgia/press-releases/georgia-releases-new-national-climate-pledge-under-paris-agreement;
[11] Reducing
GHG emissions to 35% below 1990 levels by 2030 for all sectors of the economy.
[12] 2021-2023 Action Plan of
Georgia’s 2030 Climate Strategy available - https://mepa.gov.ge/En/Files/ViewFile/50122;
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